This blog is devoted to BIOL 6988, a graduate level seminar in the biological sciences at Youngstown State University. While targeted towards graduate students, BIOL 6988 actively incorporates undergraduate participants in their scholastic endeavors in the biological sciences. This blog is intended as a educational tool not just for YSU students and faculty, but for anyone who wishes to contribute to an active-learning environment.
First off, Zach you did a fantastic job on your presentation! Zach's presentation highlighted the use of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in cutaneous wound repair. His research involves cutting and isolated BM-MSC's from a BM aspirate from male Lewis rats and mixing them with PRP which is then added to CollaTape. To determine if the cells are MSC's they must be able to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, & chondrocytes. He will also look at the MSC paracrine signaling as well as do a histological analysis of the wound. Next, he will analyze the wound for vascularity, collagen organization, and tensile strength. To determine if the MSC's have enhanced wound healing he will look for increased angiogenesis, increased collagen deposition, and increased reepithelialization.
If they find that MSC's aren't differentiating, what additional types of treatment may be available for wound repair?
If the MSC's are not differentiating into cells that would enhance wound healing, the MSC's could still be beneficial if they are assayed for cytokines that would enhance wound healing. In the presence of cytokines such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), interleukin (IL) family, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha family, you necessarily do not need MSC's differentiaition for wound healing if the MSC's can synthesize the above cytokines that would promote blood vessel growth, fibroblast and collagen synthesis, just to mention a few.
Stem cell differentiation is actually not the primary manner in which MSC contribute to wound healing. It is the paracrine signaling effects they have on the surrounding cells that influences tissue growth and leukocyte chemotaxis.
If the stem cells aren't producing the cytokines necessary for paracrine signaling that enhances wound healing, an alternate form of wound treatment to consider is Neosporin. This topical ointment contains three antibiotics; bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B. Neosporin will heal a wound two days faster than a generic triple antibiotic ointment. Just kidding. Neosporin is not to be used on large wounds, which are the type that would require stem cell treatment. However, anything that would prevent infection would help a wound heal faster than if it was to become infected.
If not looking at a technique such as the use of MSCs, wound healing is usually a process of attempting to either clean wounds or promote blood flow to them with the least pain/being the least invasive. Systems such as hydrotherapy are used to thoroughly clean wounds while negative pressure therapies and advanced casting/bandaging help to promote better blood flow and make sure wounds, especially chronic wounds, avoid unnecessary impacts so they have the best possible chance of fully healing.
If the stem cell treatment does work, the doctor could use skin grafts to repair the affected skin wound. Specifically, there is a new type of treatment called apligraf, which uses a bilayered skin substitute. This is made by combining bovine collagen and cells from tissue-cultured infant foreskins (not an April fools joke, I promise). This treatment has been shown effective of diabetic foot ulcers.
Zach did a great job with his presentation and made me realize how long the tedious steps of his research can take. His work, especially the application of multiple genetic and non-genetic techniques he is or will be using, is a great look into research on wound repair.
Advanced wound healing therapies, especially for chronic or difficult-to-treat wounds, include bioengineered tissues/”spray on” tissue repair systems, negative pressure wound therapy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy where the pressure in the chamber used enable 100% pure oxygen to be dissolved into the patient’s blood plasma, where it can circulate to oxygen-starved wounds and stimulate growth factors for advanced healing.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been found to be very important in wound healing process. Some of the isoforms of this growth factor plays an important role in the angiogenesis of new blood vessels to the site of injury. In recent studies, there is a mutation within VEGF that inhibits angiogenesis and contributes to the development to chronic wounds.
Electrotherapy is another method that maybe useful alternative to wound healing. The us of low intensity direct current showed a 1.5 to 2.5 faster recovery for patients with indolent ulcers below the knee. Furthermore, treated patients wounds were also resilient and less likely to be infected.
They can isolate the paracrine factors being secreted by MSC and apply them to a dissolvable matrix which would give a sort of time-released treatment without having to apply live cells (which is pretty difficult, especially if you want them to survive for more than a few days/weeks).
Induced pluripotent stem cells (ispc's) can be used in place of mesenchymal stem cells. These cell are generated from adult cells, and thus easily obtained. Ispc have been proven to be just as effective as other stem cells. Some such studies show their efficacy in building vascular tissue, specifically.
First off, Zach you did a fantastic job on your presentation! Zach's presentation highlighted the use of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells in cutaneous wound repair. His research involves cutting and isolated BM-MSC's from a BM aspirate from male Lewis rats and mixing them with PRP which is then added to CollaTape. To determine if the cells are MSC's they must be able to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, & chondrocytes. He will also look at the MSC paracrine signaling as well as do a histological analysis of the wound. Next, he will analyze the wound for vascularity, collagen organization, and tensile strength. To determine if the MSC's have enhanced wound healing he will look for increased angiogenesis, increased collagen deposition, and increased reepithelialization.
ReplyDeleteIf they find that MSC's aren't differentiating, what additional types of treatment may be available for wound repair?
If the MSC's are not differentiating into cells that would enhance wound healing, the MSC's could still be beneficial if they are assayed for cytokines that would enhance wound healing. In the presence of cytokines such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) family, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), interleukin (IL) family, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha family, you necessarily do not need MSC's differentiaition for wound healing if the MSC's can synthesize the above cytokines that would promote blood vessel growth, fibroblast and collagen synthesis, just to mention a few.
ReplyDeleteStem cell differentiation is actually not the primary manner in which MSC contribute to wound healing. It is the paracrine signaling effects they have on the surrounding cells that influences tissue growth and leukocyte chemotaxis.
ReplyDeleteIf the stem cells aren't producing the cytokines necessary for paracrine signaling that enhances wound healing, an alternate form of wound treatment to consider is Neosporin. This topical ointment contains three antibiotics; bacitracin, neomycin, and polymyxin B. Neosporin will heal a wound two days faster than a generic triple antibiotic ointment.
ReplyDeleteJust kidding. Neosporin is not to be used on large wounds, which are the type that would require stem cell treatment. However, anything that would prevent infection would help a wound heal faster than if it was to become infected.
If not looking at a technique such as the use of MSCs, wound healing is usually a process of attempting to either clean wounds or promote blood flow to them with the least pain/being the least invasive. Systems such as hydrotherapy are used to thoroughly clean wounds while negative pressure therapies and advanced casting/bandaging help to promote better blood flow and make sure wounds, especially chronic wounds, avoid unnecessary impacts so they have the best possible chance of fully healing.
ReplyDeleteIf the stem cell treatment does work, the doctor could use skin grafts to repair the affected skin wound. Specifically, there is a new type of treatment called apligraf, which uses a bilayered skin substitute. This is made by combining bovine collagen and cells from tissue-cultured infant foreskins (not an April fools joke, I promise). This treatment has been shown effective of diabetic foot ulcers.
ReplyDeleteZach did a great job with his presentation and made me realize how long the tedious steps of his research can take. His work, especially the application of multiple genetic and non-genetic techniques he is or will be using, is a great look into research on wound repair.
ReplyDeleteAdvanced wound healing therapies, especially for chronic or difficult-to-treat wounds, include bioengineered tissues/”spray on” tissue repair systems, negative pressure wound therapy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy where the pressure in the chamber used enable 100% pure oxygen to be dissolved into the patient’s blood plasma, where it can circulate to oxygen-starved wounds and stimulate growth factors for advanced healing.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been found to be very important in wound healing process. Some of the isoforms of this growth factor plays an important role in the angiogenesis of new blood vessels to the site of injury. In recent studies, there is a mutation within VEGF that inhibits angiogenesis and contributes to the development to chronic wounds.
ReplyDeleteGood job Zach on your presentation!
ReplyDeleteHere's a link to a Youtube video showing wound repair with the use of a xenograft and a derma graft.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXGnqdZz12Q
Enjoy
Electrotherapy is another method that maybe useful alternative to wound healing. The us of low intensity direct current showed a 1.5 to 2.5 faster recovery for patients with indolent ulcers below the knee. Furthermore, treated patients wounds were also resilient and less likely to be infected.
ReplyDeleteThey can isolate the paracrine factors being secreted by MSC and apply them to a dissolvable matrix which would give a sort of time-released treatment without having to apply live cells (which is pretty difficult, especially if you want them to survive for more than a few days/weeks).
ReplyDeleteInduced pluripotent stem cells (ispc's) can be used in place of mesenchymal stem cells. These cell are generated from adult cells, and thus easily obtained. Ispc have been proven to be just as effective as other stem cells. Some such studies show their efficacy in building vascular tissue, specifically.
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